Agencies may now assist graduates and undergraduates get traineeships in industrial sector after an amendment in Apprenticeship Act.

 Abhijeet Anand

Agencies to help graduates and undergraduates get traineeships in the industrial sector  

Amendment proposed in the Apprenticeship Act by Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

The government may soon empanel agencies which will be responsible for getting undergraduates and graduates of technical courses enrolled in the traineeship programmes in the various sectors where there is any scope for employment.

For this, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) wants an amendment in the Apprenticeship Act. The proposed amendment in the Act has provision for third party aggregators which will aid students in getting traineeships. “All the paperwork needed will be done by the third-party aggregators. It will make a lot more easier for the apprentices also,” said Secretary of MSDE Kumar. 

The proposed amendment is also aimed at making it easier for the employer to get trainees. The number of apprentices at present is around 2.6 lakh which the Ministry expects to increase two to three times after the Act gets amended.  

According to officials, the companies are reluctant to hire apprentices as the students are under the impression that they will be provided jobs after completing their apprenticeship. With third party aggregators preparing the contractual agreements for the apprentices, the companies will not bear any liability. “It is practically not possible to give jobs to every apprentice,” said Kumar.

A consultation will be done with the stakeholders for drafting the final Bill. The Bill is likely to be introduced in the Parliament in June or July in Monsoon Session. 

The amendment in the Apprenticeship Act, which is proposed, is also supposed to allow students who are enrolled in courses in various universities to take part time training in companies. Students undergoing the apprenticeship will also be entitled to stipends which is half the salary any normal employee gets.

Choice Based Credit System or CBCS will allow students to get credits for the training they undergo in their part-time. “Choice Based Credit System will allow students pursuing technical courses to earn credits for the training while they are pursuing their courses which will show in the degrees and diplomas also,” said secretary, MSDE, Praveen Kumar. As per the directions of UGC, most of the universities and colleges have introduced the Choice Based Credit System.

Private firms are by law bound to provide apprenticeships to those having diplomas and degrees in technical subjects. The Apprenticeship Act provides that they will have to take at least 2.5 percent of their total personnel as apprenticeship. They can increase the intake of apprentice to 10 to 15 percent of the total strength. However, they are not bound to provide employment to these apprentices. 

The Ministry of Skill Development hopes that the number of apprentices hired by companies will grow to up to 10 percent of the employee strength. “Apprenticeship is supposed to be mutually beneficial for both the industry and the students. While the industry gets trainees at stipends, the students get hands-on training,” said Kumar.

Vardhan urges to counter vested campaign against vaccination drive

by Raman  Pandit

Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare of India unveiled IEC posters to address the emerging issue of vaccine hesitancy in some sections of population in the country. The world’s largest immunisation exercise against COVID-19 was launched by the Prime Minister on 16th January 2021. Around 15 lakh healthcare workers have been vaccinated till 24st Jan 2021.
The Union Health Minister reminded everyone of the achievements of the country, the second most populous country in the world. He said, “India is one of the few countries to halt the march of COVID-19 and simultaneously develop a vaccine for COVID, thanks to the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi ji who bestowed his personal attention to get the country rid of the pandemic.” Today, the country is seeing a steady decline in the active cases.
Explaining the role of the vaccination in eradicating diseases, he noted, “The elimination of Polio and Smallpox was made possible by large scale immunization. Once immunized, not only that person is not capable of catching the disease, he/she is also unable to transmit the disease to others thus passing on the social benefit to the larger society he/she interacts with. This was also the logic of undertaking mass immunization of women and children against the twelve diseases under Mission Indradhanush. Vaccination against COVID will similarly create persons incapable of transmitting the disease and eradicate the disease altogether in some time.”
Dr Harsh Vardhan urged everyone to counter the vested campaigns of untruth and misinformaiton. “Let us put a STOP to these falsehoods”, he forcefully said. He appealed to people to seek the correct information from credible and authentic sources such as the Health Ministry, PIB, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, MyGov website etc. He reiterated  that “Truth is powerful and shall prevail”. And encouraged everyone to share the IEC posters to mulitply the virtuous cycle of truth. 
Commenting on the safety and efficacy of the vaccines, he said, “All eminent doctors of well-known hospitals have taken the vaccine and praised the exercise for its desired end. It is only a handful of vested political interests who are interested in spreading rumour and encouraging vaccine hesitancy among those vulnerable to such propaganda in the population.The paradox is that countries across the globe are asking us for access to the vaccines while a section of our own is fomenting misinformation and doubt for narrow political ends.” He stated that the prominent doctors along with many other healthcare workers within the government and the private sector have taken the COVID19 vaccine, and have returned to their work without any side effects.
Terming the Vaccination Drive as ‘AntimPrahaar’ against COVID, Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey said, “16th January is a red-letter day for it began the countdown of ending the pandemic. India has taken a revolutionary decision to provide the vaccines at the earliest.” He also appealed everyone to not follow the campaigns of mistruth but help everyone by sharing the correct information.
Shri Rajesh Bhushan,Union Health Secretary, Ms. Vandana Gurnani,Addl. Secretary and MD, NHM, Shri Manohar Agnani, Addl. Secretary (Health), Dr. Sunil Kumar, DGHS, MoHFW and other senior officials were present at the event.
Dr. Balram Bhargava, DG, ICMR, Dr. Randeep Guleria, Director, AIIMS, Dr N N Mathur, Director LHMC, Dr. S. V. Arya, MS, Safdarjung Hospital, Dr. Rana A. K. Singh, MS, RML Hospital and representatives of development partners like BMGF, UNICEF and WHO attended the event virtually.

Mahatma Gandhi's Khadi goes online to beat Amazon, Flipkart ects....

 

Covid-19 has changed the style of working of Mahatma Gandhi’s pet project—Khadi and has opted to beat the international B2C e-commerce platforms, by launching its own online platform. It has come out with its own e-commerce website ekhadiindia.com something on the lines of Amazon and Flipkart to market its over 50,000 khadi products of more than 500 varieties.

Though it is too early to comment on whether, ekhadiindia.com portal would be able to make any dent to these multinational multibrand e-commerce platform or not, it is a fact that Khadi would now have an international reach of its products which is getting much attraction among youngsters.

·       On October 2, 2020, the Khadi industry surprised many when one of its shops in Connaught Place recorded a sale of Rs 1.02 crore in a single day that too when people were not coming out of the home due to Covid-19 fear.

·    

Same month, Khadi India launched a unique Khadi footwear using fine fabric like Patola Silk, Banarasi Silk, Cotton, Denim would attract the youngsters. It had set a target to do Rs 5,000 crore business nationally and internationally. The size of Indian footwear industry is approx Rs 50,000 crore which includes exports worth nearly Rs 18,000 crore. Its initial target is to capture at least 2% of this industry that is estimated to be around Rs 1000 crore.

Presently Khadi Industry is one of the biggest employment providers in the country. Its digitization and venturing into e-shopping would help its unique and innovative products to get more acceptance among the young generation. Today Khadi is no more a poor man’s product, but a status symbol among youngsters and rich people. One reason is its unique designs and eco-friendly nature. In its ‘Atmnirbhar Bharat’ mission India has opted to go online to protect the interest of its weavers, artisans, craftsmen, and farmers. It has been promoting its product as eco-friendly and authentic Khadi & traditional village industry products.

The government has made these products available just a click away fulfilling the customer’s need and supply the products at their doorsteps. By doing so India has not only created an ecosystem for withstanding the challenges of Covid but also opened up new opportunities for village artisans to market their products nationally and internationally. The online shopping platform would further boost the rural economy and help it in becoming self-sustainable.

Khadi and Village Industries products are already witnessing a steady rise in its business with a growth rate of around 25 % (as per 2018-19 records). The e-shopping platform would further make natural Khadi India products easily accessible to the new generation consumers, claims the Khadi and Village Industry Commission.

The KVIC has introduced a vast range of products from apparel, grocery, cosmetics, home décor, health and wellness products, essentials, and gifts. Cashing on the growing shift towards natural products, especially by the new generation consumers, KVIC is up for giving it all for repositioning India's legendary brand Khadi. The portal is also an answer to the call of youth demographics who prefer online shopping over offline shopping.

The Key Components of ekhadiindia.com that sets it apart from other online E-commerce platforms:-

·       Exclusively focuses on Khadi and Villages Industries products.

·       Authentic Khadi Trade Mark products will be available only through this portal.

·       It’s built on an ecosystem where any SME/Artisans/ Weavers can directly sell their products thus driving the country towards digital India and “Aatmanirbhar Bharat”.

·       The ekhadiindia.com website is at par with any other modern technology-rich e-commerce portal.

·       Portal has also features of bulk orders and direct sellers registration.

·       A huge platform for all the stakeholders in integration with KVIC/KVIB/PMEGP/ SFURTI/ MSME/ Entrepreneurs and support to new MSMEs/PMEGP Units under the umbrella of KVIC. Here   Institutions/ Units can directly sell/ship products to the customers.

·       Customer care facility; all refund policy.

·       More than 50,000 users can use the Portal at the same time.

·       Social media compatibility.

·       Available in both website and mobile app versions.

·       Digitized Payment ecosystem.

·       Has pan India reach across 1.2Bn+ Population of 2400+ Cities /Towns 25600 from 29 States Last Mile Delivery.

·       Launched with a wide range of 1500+ Products across various consumer verticals.

IMAGES COURTESY:   www.ekhadiindia.com.

Ends.

Pan-India Covid-19 vaccinations dry run on 2nd January

By Raman Pandit

The Covid-19 vaccination dry run will be conducted across India on 2nd January.

The Union Government has asked all States and UTs to ensure effective preparedness for the vaccine roll out, said the press release issued by the Union Health Ministry. Union Health Secretary Sh. Rajesh Bhushan today chaired a high-level meeting to review the preparedness at session sites for COVID-19 vaccination with Pr. Secretaries (Health), NHM MDs and other health administrators of all States/UTs through video conference. The activity is proposed to be conducted in all State Capitals in at least 3 session sites; some States will also include districts that are situated in difficult terrain/have poor logistical support; Maharashtra and Kerala are likely to schedule the dry run in major cities other than their Capital.

The objective of the Dry Run for COVID-19 vaccine introduction is to assess operational feasibility in the use of Co-WIN application in field environment, to test the linkages between planning and implementation and to identify the challenges and guide way forward prior to actual implementation. This is also expected to give confidence to programme managers at various levels. The planning for the vaccine introduction will be as per the Operational Guidelines issued by the Ministry on 20th December 2020. For each of the three Session Sites, the concerned Medical Officer In-charge will identify 25 test beneficiaries (healthcare workers). The States/UTs have been asked to ensure that the data of these beneficiaries is uploaded in Co-WIN. These beneficiaries will also be available at the session site for the dry run. The States and UTs shall prepare the facilities and users to be created on CoWIN application including uploading the data of Health Care Worker (HCW) beneficiaries.

The States/UTs have been asked to ensure physical verification of all proposed sites for adequacy of space, logistical arrangements, internet connectivity, electricity, safety etc; prepare at least three model session sites in each State (at State capital) for demonstration; ensure that the Model Sites have separate entry and exit in a ‘three-room set-up’ with adequate space outside for awareness generation activities; display all IEC material at these sites; ensure that all SOPs and protocols are being practiced at the identified sites in an ideal environment along with vaccination teams to be identified and trained in all aspects. The dry run will also equip the State and UT administration in management of vaccine supply, storage and logistics including cold chain management.

As the vaccine administrators will play an important role in the vaccination process, training of trainers and those who shall administer the vaccine has been taken up across various States. Around 96,000 vaccinators have been trained for this purpose. 2,360 participants have been trained in National Training of Trainers and over 57,000 participants trained in District level training in 719 districts. States are augmenting the State helpline 104 (which shall be used in addition to 1075) for any vaccine/software related query. Orientation and capacity building of the Call Centre executives has taken place in the States/UTs. States were also encouraged to use the FAQs issued by the Health Ministry proactively to address any such query.

An important focus of the dry run will be on management of any possible adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). In addition, adherence and management of infection control practices at the session site, to prevent disease transmission. The mock drill will include concurrent monitoring and review at the block and district levels, and preparation of feedback. The State Task Force shall review the feedback and share with the Union Health Ministry.

States/UTs were also asked to address the communication challenges by taking in confidence all the concerned stakeholders and by augmenting the community engagement ‘Jan bhagidari’ through innovative strategies. Detailed checklist has been prepared by the Union Health Ministry and shared with the States/UTs to guide them in the dry run. The first round of the dry run was conducted in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Punjab on 28-29th December 2020 in two districts each where five session sites with 25 beneficiaries each were identified. No major issues were observed in the operational aspects during this dry run. All States expressed confidence in the operational guidelines and IT platform for large scale programme implementation.

COVID mutant: 5 per cent +ve cases to be tested for whole genome sequencing

 

By Raman Pandit

 In the wake of a mutated variant of coronavirus detected in the UK, it is proposed to continue enhanced genomic surveillance for early detection and containment of the UK variant SARS-CoV-2 strains, said the Health Ministry of India. 

  In this regard, a genomic surveillance consortium has been formed for laboratory and epidemiological surveillance of circulating strains of the SARS-CoV-2 in India. The genomic surveillance consortium, INSACOG, has been formed under the leadership of the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), New Delhi.  Further, more than 50 samples of UK returnees are currently under sequencing at the designated laboratories.

“It is proposed to continue enhanced genomic surveillance for early detection and containment of the UK variant SARS-CoV-2 strains. However, it is important to understand that like all other RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 will continue to mutate,” the ministry said. Five percent of the positive cases of COVID-19 from all states and UTs will be tested for Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) as part of the strategy that has been put in place to detect and contain the mutant variant, the Union Health Ministry said after a meeting of the National Task Force (NTF) on COVID-19 on the issue. The mutated virus can also be contained by measures like social distancing, hand hygiene, wearing masks and also by an effective vaccine, as and when available, the ministry said.

The meeting of the NTF was convened on Saturday by ICMR under co-chairpersonship of Dr Vinod Paul, Member NITI Aayog and Dr Balram Bhargava, Secretary, Director General ICMR. The main objective of the meeting was to discuss evidence-based modifications in testing, treatment and surveillance strategies for SARS-CoV-2 in view of the recent reports of the emergence of a new variant strain of the virus from the UK. It was emphasized that since the UK variant strain is implicated to cause increased transmissibility of the virus, it is critical to identify individuals infected with this strain and adequately contain them to prevent its transmission in India, the statement stated.

The NTF concluded that there is no need to change the existing Treatment Protocol in view of mutations emerging in the strain. Further, since ICMR has always advocated the use of two or more gene assays for testing SARS-CoV-2, it is unlikely to miss infected cases using the current testing strategy, the ministry said. The NTF recommended that in addition to the existing surveillance strategies, it is critical to conduct enhanced genomic surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 especially in incoming passengers from the UK.

The meeting was also attended by Prof. Randeep Guleria, Director, AIIMS; Director General Health Services (DGHS); Drug Controller General of India (DCGI); Director, National Center for Disease Control (NCDC); other representatives from Ministry of Health and ICMR as well as independent subject experts.

“The variant strain has14 non-synonymous (amino acid altering) mutations, 6 synonymous (non amino-acid altering), and 3 deletions. “Eight mutations are present in the Spike (S) gene which carries the binding site (Receptor Binding Domain) of the ACE2 receptors, which are the point of entry of the virus into the human respiratory cells,” the ministry said in its statement.

The NTF deliberated in detail on aspects related to the current National Treatment Protocol, testing strategy and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 vis--vis the UK variant strain.

The NTF was of the view that it will also be critical to conduct genome sequencing in samples where there is a dropout of the S gene in lab diagnosis, proven cases of re-infections etc. Routine genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 from representative samples all across the samples needs to be a continuous and well-planned activity, according to the statement.

The designated laboratories where samples of UK returnees are currently under sequencing include --NCDC, Delhi; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi; CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad and DBT- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneshwar. It is also being done at DBT-National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani;DBT-InStem-National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru; National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru and National Institute of Virology, Pune.

The NCDC informed that the Centre has taken cognizance of the reports of mutant variant and the response of other countries to these reports. The situation is being monitored proactively. A strategy has been put under place under which all passengers who had arrived from the UK between December 21 and 23 have been tested at the airports and only after the-PCR test result are available, the negative passengers are permitted to exit the airports    All positively tested passengers are put under institutional isolation and their samples sent for Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)       Only after the confirmation of the non-mutant variant upon WGS result, the positive cases are permitted to leave institutional isolation as per the existing management protocol.

Americas account for highest human rights violations against MPs: IPU

By Raman Pandit

The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) has released its yearly figures on the human rights abuses experienced by parliamentarians around the world. The numbers confirm an upward trend of reported violations against parliamentarians. They also reveal an uptick in acts of intimidation and violence, with women MPs suffering more disproportionately, according to information received by the IPU Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians.
In 2020 the IPU Committee examined the cases of 552 parliamentarians from 42 countries whose rights were allegedly violated. Eighty-three of them, from 13 countries, were new this year, with 43 reported from Venezuela alone. 
This compares with cases involving 533 MPs in 2019 and confirms an overall upward trend since the creation of the IPU Committee over 40 years ago. 
Opposition parliamentarians account for 85 per cent of the cases examined.

The most common human rights violations were:

1. Undue suspension and loss of parliamentary mandate

2. Lack of fair trial and other unfair proceedings

3. Threats, acts of intimidation

4. Violation of freedom of expression 

In 2020, threats and acts of intimidation moved up from fourth to third place of the most common human rights violations affecting MPs under IPU review.
The figures reveal that women MPs are significantly more exposed to torture, ill treatment and acts of violence, with 34 per cent of women parliamentarians considered by the IPU affected compared with 18 per cent of male colleagues.
In 2020, the IPU examined 98 cases concerning women parliamentarians, up from 85 in 2019. This represents 18 per cent of all cases before the Committee, almost three times higher than the figure from six years ago (34 women in 2014).

The Americas has the most cases

For the fifth year in a row, the Americas account for the greatest proportion of human rights violations against parliamentarians  - 32 per cent (178 cases out of 552) - driven by a large caseload from Venezuela. In Venezuela, the IPU continues to monitor closely allegations of human rights violations affecting 134 parliamentarians from the coalition of opposition parties, against the backdrop of parliamentary elections scheduled for 6 December. According to evidence available to the Committee, almost all the parliamentarians have been attacked, threatened, harassed or otherwise intimidated by pro-government supporters.

The Americas is the only region where the most frequent violation is: “Threats, acts of intimidation” which directly affects the physical integrity of MPs. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) reported the second highest proportion of cases (25 per cent).

The IPU Committee is seeing more cases from the same countries than it has in recent years, suggesting that the situation in these countries (Brazil, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Venezuela and Yemen) is getting worse, particularly for opposition MPs.

Violations in a time of COVID-19

The coronavirus pandemic has provided an opportunity for some governments to act against opposition MPs using lockdown laws to detain or otherwise infringe upon the rights of opposition parliamentarians, notably in Venezuela, Uganda and Zimbabwe.      

As of December 2020, the IPU Committee was examining the cases of 30 MPs in detention from nine countries (Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Gabon, Iraq, Mongolia, Niger, Palestine, Philippines, Turkey).

Some MPs released after IPU action

In some positive news, lobbying from the IPU and the global parliamentary community contributed to the release of some parliamentarians from detention. For example, four MPs in Côte d’Ivoire (Mr. Loukimane Camara, Mr. Kando Soumahoro, Mr. Yao Soumaïla and Mr. Soro Kanigui) were able to return home recently partly thanks to IPU follow-up actions with the national authorities.

The IPU Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians is the only international complaints mechanism with the mandate to defend the human rights of persecuted parliamentarians. Its work includes mobilizing the international parliamentary community to support threatened MPs, lobbying national authorities, visiting MPs in danger and sending trial observers. The Committee is made up of 10 parliamentarians from the various regions of the world who are elected by their peers for a mandate of five years. 

India warns TV channels not to promote online Gaming without 'mandatory warning message"

Fantasy and Gaming app to find it tough to promote in India

India has issued a warning to private TV channels not to violate any guidelines while displaying advertisements on online gaming and fantasy sports. It told them to carry 'mandatory warning message' failing which government would take strict action against them.

The advertisements must carry the warning disclaimer: 'This game involves an element of financial risk and may be addictive. Please play responsibly and at your own risk”.

The move will discourage people from using gaming applications and not making people addictive of such games. The decision is taken to curb the use of Chinese gaming app among youngsters.

In its advisory, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting asked all private television broadcasters to follow guidelines issued by the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) for advertisements relating to online gaming, fantasy sports etc. It further told them not to promote any activity prohibited by statute or law.

“It has come to the notice of Ministry of I&B that a large number of advertisements on Online Gaming, Fantasy Sports, etc have been appearing on the television. Concerns were expressed that such advertisements appear to be misleading, do not correctly convey to the customers the financial and other risks associated thereof, are not in strict conformity with the Advertising Code laid down under Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019” the advisory said.

The advisory has been issued after a consultation meeting held by the I&B Ministry with the officials and representatives of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, ASCI, News Broadcasters Association, Indian Broadcasting Foundation, All India Gaming Federation, Federation of Indian Fantasy Sports, and the Online Rummy Federation.

ASCI guidelines require that every such gaming advertisement must carry the following disclaimer: 'This game involves an element of financial risk and may be addictive. Please play responsibly and at your own risk”. Such a disclaimer should occupy at least 20% of the advertisement space.

The guidelines also state that gaming advertisements cannot depict users under the age of 18 years as engaged in playing a game of “online gaming for real money winnings” or suggest that such users can play these games.

The advertisements should neither suggest that online gaming presents an income-generating opportunity as an alternative to employment nor depict a person playing such games is more successful than others.

The Advertising Standards Council of India, established in 1985, is a Mumbai based self-regulatory voluntary organization of the advertising industry in India. It seeks to ensure that advertisements conform to its Code for Self-Regulation.  Under the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 it is mandatory for television networks to follow the advertising code laid down by ASCI.

Ends.

‘Vaccine warriors’ brave tough terrain to ensure routine immunization in remote areas

by Ishwar Nath Jha & Raman Pandit

Najeeta Begum, an ANM worker in Karnataka’s Lingsugur taluk, walked home to home post lockdown to ensure that children who were not vaccinate for preventable infections due to the COVID-19 lockdown, are covered under routine immunization services while  60-year-old Rameshwar Prasad, an alternate vaccine delivery person in Bihar’s Gaya District, had to wade across the river during monsoon to ensure that vaccines reach their destination on time.

 Both Begum and Prasad are among around two lakh vaccine warriors who travel several kilometres to deliver life saving vaccine doses to children and pregnant women at reach remote immunization sites. They brave tough terrain and hard-to-reach areas, often by cycling or motor bike and then walking, to prevent the vaccines from falling through the cracks.

 “We have been asked by villagers not to venture. I had to answer and convince them to vaccinate their children and pregnant women,” said Begum. Begum traveled to remote villages and visited the homes on foot to request families to not to miss their child vaccination schedule and visit the sub-centre to get vaccinated. 26-year-old Begum said that she managed to cover every child and mother who could have missed their vaccination schedule.

 Prasad on the other hand, cycled, walked and even waded through rivers to deliver vaccines to remote villages of his district. “When I have to go to Bentanawadhi village, I have to park my cycle in a neighbouring village. Then I had to walk two kilometres during the lockdown period to reach there as there is no proper road. During rainy season, I wade across the river to ensure that vaccines reach on time," he said. "If I don’t go, it will affect so many women and children. So, I have continued to do it with all precautions like wearing a face mask, washing my hands regularly and maintaining physical distance during collection and distribution of vaccine carrier,” he said.

 Since vaccines need to be stored and transported at a certain temperature (+2 to +8 degrees Celsius) to ensure their potency and efficacy, women and men spearheading the Alternate Vaccine Delivery system, are given specific training. The UNICEF supported training of 674 cold chain handlers, 36 cold chain technicians and almost 45,000 AVD personnel before the re-introduction of outreach immunization sessions as soon immunization was put under essential services during covid lockdown. .

A senior government official from the ministry of health said:  "There were some gaps in coverage because of  the pandemic due to restriction in movement of man and material to contain the spread. However, the government came up with  guidelines to ensure access to essential services in mid April that resulted in guiding the states on how to conduct vaccination sessions by taking due precautions. The states too worked on innovative ideas and the services have now been restored," 

 Elaborating on the process of alternate vaccine delivery systems, UNICEF said the states have different vaccine delivery mechanisms depending on the topography of the state ranging from motocycle, cycle, boats and by foot.

 "During and after the lockdown; when the regular road transport mechanism was affected, the AVD system was functional and it supported in vaccine delivery and resumption of Routine Immunization services. The AVDs are based on local need and depending upon local support and means for transport," the official said. The government along with partners ensured supportive supervision visits to the outreach sessions and hand holding of the ANM and ASHA workers for house to house surveys to identify children who may have missed routine immunization.

 Luigi d’Aquino, Chief of Health, UNICEF India, said vaccination is one of the most effective and cost-effective ways to protect children’s lives and futures, and for building healthier and safer communities.

 Till August 2020, over 12 million children were vaccinated, a coverage of 68.5% in eight months, according to data from the Union health ministry.

 

Sputnik V: ‘Over 95% effective and affordable vaccine’

Raman Pandit

Russia on Tuesday claimed that its Sputnik V vaccine against coronavirus has been found to be over 95 per cent effective and one among the most affordable vaccine in term of price, distribution, logistics, and everything else in the world. The second interim analysis of clinical trial data showed a 91.4 per cent efficacy for vaccine on day 28 after the first dose and over 95 per cent 42 after the first dose, the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) said in a statement. 

In a virtual conference from Moscow, CEO of the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) Kirill Dmitriev said Sputnik V is not only one of the most effective but also among the affordable vaccines in the world. The Sputnik V vaccine has been developed by the Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology and RDIF.

The RDIF CEO said the vaccine can be stored in temperatures ranging from 2-8 degrees Celsius which is a very important factor in facilitating easy distribution. The efficacy of the vaccine is over 95 per cent which is great news not only for Rusia but (also) for the world, Dmitriev said.

The news augurs well for India as pharma giant Dr Reddy's Laboratories is conducting clinical trials of the Sputnik V vaccine as well as its distribution.

Dmitriev said talks are on with regulators in countries where clinical trials are being done. He said the trials are being done on 42,000 volunteers in Russia and other countries. Dmitriev said the clinical trial data will be also published in international journals and peer-reviewed by the international community.

The price of one dose of Sputnik V will amount to less than USD10 in the international market. The vaccine will require a primer booster shot and the price will be less than USD20. This is half the cost for vaccines with similar efficacy, he said. The RDIF CEO also said this vaccine can be stored in temperatures ranging from 2-8 degrees Celsius.

We have achieved the industrial production of the dry form of the vaccine that will allow us to distribute it and use it at temperatures of plus 2 to plus 8 degrees Celsius.

This will also be one of the most affordable vaccines in terms of distribution, logistics, and everything else. “As you know there are many colleagues with us Latin America, Asia, Africa and for all these countries, the dry form could be installed at 2-8 degrees Celsius. It is an important factor in saving lives and logistics, he said.

Amid a global race to come out with an effective vaccine to check the pandemic that had ravaged the world, Pfizer Inc and its German partner BioNTech too had announced that their vaccine appears 95 percent effective at preventing mild to severe COVID-19 disease in a large, ongoing study.

US-based biotechnology giant Moderna also announced that its COVID-19 vaccine has shown to be 94.5 percent effective in preventing the deadly disease.

Indian Navy to Host Exercise SIMBEX-20 in Andaman Sea

Indian Navy (IN) is scheduled to host the 27th edition of India - Singapore Bilateral Maritime Exercise SIMBEX-20 from 23 to 25 November 2020 in Andaman Sea.

The SIMBEX series of exercises between IN and Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN), being conducted annually since 1994, are aimed at enhancing mutual inter-operability and imbibing best practices from each other. The scope and complexity of these exercises has increased steadily over the past two decades to include advanced naval drills covering a wide spectrum of maritime operations.

The 2020 edition of SIMBEX will witness participation by Indian Navy ships including destroyer Rana with integral Chetak helicopter and indigenously built corvettes Kamorta and Karmuk. In addition, IN submarine Sindhuraj and P8I maritime reconnaissance aircraft will also participate in the exercise.

RSN will be represented by the ‘Formidable’ Class frigates ‘Intrepid’ and ‘Steadfast’ with integral S70B helicopter and ‘Endurance’ Class Landing Ship Tank ‘Endeavour’ in the exercise.

The exercise, being conducted as a ‘non-contact, at sea only’ exercise in view of COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the high degree of mutual trust and confidence, synergy and cooperation in the maritime domain between the two friendly navies and maritime neighbours. SIMBEX-20 will witness the two friendly navies participate in advanced surface, anti-air warfare and anti-submarine warfare exercises including weapon firings, over three days of intensive joint operations at sea.

SIMBEX series of exercises exemplify the high level of coordination and convergence of views between India and Singapore, particularly in the maritime domain, towards enhancing the overall maritime security in the region and highlight their commitment to a rules-based international order.

Indian scientists help Nobel Laureate to develop the Thirty Meter Telescope, a Next-Generation space observatory

Indian scientists collaborate with Nobel Laureate to develop the Thirty Meter Telescope, a Next-Generation space observatory

 

Indian scientists have collaborated with the 2020 Physics Nobel Laureate Prof. Andrea Ghez to develop a thirty-meter telescope (TMT), considered t to be a Next-Generation space observatory, being installed at Maunakea in Hawaii—that would revolutionize the understanding of the universe and the enigmas in it.

The Thirty Meter Telescope is a new class of extremely large telescopes that will allow us to see deeper into space and observe cosmic objects with unprecedented sensitivity. The 30 m prime mirror diameter will three times as wide, with nine times more area, than the largest currently existing visible-light telescope in the world.

 

The Indian astronomers mainly Dr. Annapurni Subramanium, Director of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and Dr Shashi Bhushan Pandey, a scientist at Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) worked on the design of back-end instruments and possible science prospects of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT).

Besides, Prof. Ghez’s remarkable contribution to the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our Galaxy along with Prof. Roger Penrose and Prof. Reinhard Genzel for which they shared the Nobel prize in physics, Prof. Ghez was deeply involved in the development of the related instrumentation and possible science prospects for the TMT, the next-generation observatory.

She was part of the team working towards evaluating possible front-line science cases and instrumentation for TMT utilizing associated front-line cutting edge technologies like adaptive optics.

The Thirty-meter telescope (TMT) project is an international partnership between CalTech, Universities of California, Canada, Japan, China, and India; through the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). Some of the Indian astronomers like Dr. Annapurni Subramanium, Director of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and Dr Shashi Bhushan Pandey, a scientist at Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) along with many others collaborated with Prof. Ghez in the ongoing research and developmental activities of the TMT project.

It had resulted in two significant papers, among many others. The scientific prospects and simulations by the first generation instrument for the TMT called the Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), was described in one of the SPIE proceedings in 2016.

The latest end-to-end data simulator on Solar System bodies, the Galactic centre, energetic transient objects, active galactic nuclei, and distant gravitationally-lensed galaxies were used. It showed the capabilities of IRIS/TMT to continue front-line scientific research in the near future to understand the nature of the supermassive compact object at the centre of our Galaxy and much more new aspects to discover "unknown-unknowns".

The scientists highlighted the necessity of an advanced data management system and data reduction pipeline.

Another such collaborative publication in the journal Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics in 2015 has underlined versatile usage for future multi-messenger astronomy for various Galactic and extra-galactic objects using TMT includes many other Indian astronomers as a part of a larger team along with Prof. Ghez.

The Thirty Meter Telescope, which seeks to advance scientific knowledge while fostering connection among the partner countries and their citizens, and in which Indian astronomers worked closely with Prof. Andrez Ghez, is expected to provide facilities with even greater capabilities to gather the observations needed to answer new and emerging questions in astronomy and physics in general.

TMT: the next generation telescope

The Thirty Meter Telescope is a new class of extremely large telescopes that will allow us to see deeper into space and observe cosmic objects with unprecedented sensitivity. With its 30 m prime mirror diameter, TMT will be three times as wide, with nine times more area, than the largest currently existing visible-light telescope in the world.

This will provide unparalleled resolution with TMT images more than 12 times sharper than those from the Hubble Space Telescope. When operational, TMT will provide new observational opportunities in essentially every field of astronomy and astrophysics.

Observing in wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared, this unique instrument will allow astronomers to address fundamental questions in astronomy ranging from understanding star and planet formation to unravelling the history of galaxies and the development of large-scale structure in the universe.

Vijay Thakur, The Stateman

Ends.